International Business Management


-Competitors get low cost route to technology and markets

-Facilitate entry into market
-Share fixed costs
-Bring together skills and assets that neither company has or can develop
-Establish industry technology standards

•Cooperative agreements between potential or actual competitors

If what you are good at is…

•Technological Know-How
-Avoid licensing and joint-venture arrangements
-Probably use a wholly owned subsidiary
•Exception: If the technological advantage is only transitory

•Management Know-How
-The firm’s valuable assets include a brand name
-Franchising and subsidiaries are very attractive
-Often times a joint venture is politically more acceptable

-Risk giving control of technology to partner
-May not realize experience curve or location economies
-Shared ownership can lead to conflict

-Benefit from local partner’s knowledge
-Shared costs/risks with partner
- Reduced political risk

-Reduces costs and risk
-May prohibit movement of profits from
one country to support operations in another
-Quality control

-Reduces development costs and risks
-Works in unfamiliar or politically
volatile market
-Overcomes investment barriers
-Others can develop business applications of your know-how

-No long-term interest in the foreign country
-May create a competitor
-Selling process technology may be selling competitive advantage as well

-Can earn a return on knowledge asset
-Less risky than conventional FDI

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