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Cloud computing is the next stage in evolution of the Internet. The cloud in cloud computing everything from computing power to computing infrastructure, applications, business processes to personal collaboration. Cloud computing can be delivered to you as a service wherever and whenever you need over the Internet. With cloud computing, the consumer needs nothing but a web browser and Internet access. The web browser can be a traditional desktop or laptop PC, a Net book, or a mobile device such as a PDA, smart phone like Blackberry or iPhone.

The cloud itself is a set of hardware, networks, storage, services, and interfaces that enable the delivery of computing as a service. Cloud services include the delivery of software, infrastructure, and storage over the Internet (either as separate components or a complete platform) based on user demand.

The concept of cloud computing is one of a user sitting at a terminal taking advantage of services, storage space, and resources provided somewhere else, on another computer, through an Internet connection.

Example, if I’m the user, my word processor documents may be stored on one computer; along with the program I use to edit the documents. My pictures and videos are stored on another computer. My email is saved on a third machine that I can access from any workstation. I also have a personal calendar, photo album, links to favorite sites, and more saved in cyberspace.

SO Where is my documents, email, favorites and pictures? If you ask me, I will just say Google Docs, Hotmail, Scrapblog and Flickr. I will just give you the URLs. But if you ask me to draw a map for the specific location, I will be very confuse!!!. In fact, I don’t know. My emails might be in LA and my documents were in DC. Then they’ve been moved to other servers. But the URLs haven’t changed.                             I just know is that they’re “out there” – in the cloud…

Grid computing

It is a form of distributed computing, the combination of computer resources from multiple domains applied to a common task, usually to a business problem that requires to process large amounts of data. It has been used long time before the cloud computing get in the picture but from the graph above (Google trends) it’s show that the trend of the grid computing is starting to get downward.

Utility computing

Utility concept is quite similar to cloud computing in the term of rented service such as software. It’s also some kind of computing resources such as storage, metered service. This system has low or no initial cost for hardware. Therefore utility computing always remain low in the trend.

In1960, the concept of cloud computing had begun, when John McCarthy opined,

“If computers of the kind I have advocated become the computers of the future, then computing may someday be organized as a public utility just as the telephone system is a public utility… The computer utility could become the basis of a new and important industry. “                                     John McCarthy, MIT Centennial in 1961

In 1997, the first academic definition of cloud computing was provided by Ramnath K. Chellappa who called it a computing paradigm where the boundaries of computing will be determined by economic rationale rather than technical limits.

In 1999 by Marc Andreessen, was one of the first to attempt to commercialize cloud computing with an Infrastructure as a Service model.

By the turn of the 21st century, the term “Cloud Computing” began to appear more widely, although most of the focus at that time was limited to SaaS (software as a service), called “ASP’s” or Application Service Providers.

Amazon having found that the new cloud architecture resulted in significant internal efficiency improvements. It played a key role in the development of cloud computing by modernizing their data centers after the dot-com bubble, which like most other computer networks were using as little as 10% of their capacity at any one time just to leave extra space for occasional of peak data.

In 2007, Google, IBM, and a number of universities embarked on a large-scale cloud computing research project.

By mid-2008, Gartner (an information technology research and advisory firm) saw an opportunity for cloud computing;

“To shape the relationship among consumers of IT services, those who use IT services and those who sell them”, and observed that;

“Organizations are switching from company-owned hardware and software assets to per-use service-based models” so;

“The projected shift to cloud computing will result in dramatic growth in IT service.”